一般色斑 /黑色素

色斑成因主要是由紫外線或荷爾蒙分泌失調所致。另外，遺傳因素、生活習慣如睡眠不足及偏食亦會導致色斑形成。

 

Hyperpigmentation 

and Melanin

UV light stimulates the growth of melanin resulting in freckles.  Hyperpigmentation is mainly caused by the UV exposure or hormonal imbalance.  Genetic factors, personal lifestyle such as lack of sleep and imbalanced diet also leads to the formation of hyperpigmentation.

 

4大臉部常見皮膚斑種類 

4 Most Common Types of Hyperpigmentation

1. 雀斑

紫外光會刺激黑色素生長，令黑色素沉澱，形成雀斑。尤其是皮膚白的人，由於缺乏黑色素保護，只要曬5至10分鐘，即會出現皮膚通紅，出雀斑等跡象。色斑成因主要是由紫外線或荷爾蒙分泌失調所引起。另外，遺傳因素、生活習慣如睡眠不足以及不良的飲食習慣亦會導致色斑形成。

1. Freckles

Freckles are the most common hyperpigmentation.  They are irregular light brown spots.  UV stimulates the growth of melanin and resulting in freckles.  People of pale skin tone, in particular, suffer a lot from this problem due to the lack of melanin.   Even exposing to sunlight for only 5-10 minutes would result in freckles and flushed skin.  Besides, hormonal and secretion disorder will also lead to the formation of freckles.

                                                              

2. 老人斑

老人斑主要是由日曬所引致的，正本清源的方法還是需要從防曬做起。但是，防曬未能做到即時減退老人斑的效果，只能為往後的二、三十年作防預。老人斑是人體一些新陳代謝的產物，叫褐脂素，聚集在皮膚細胞。這老化的色素是由脂肪氧化而成，所以有效地減慢氧化的速度能減少或減慢老人斑。維生素C及E是抗氧化劑，有助減慢細胞老化及由脂肪氧化而成的褐色素，對延遲皮膚出現斑點甚有幫助。

2. Age spots

Since age spots are mainly caused by the exposure to sunlight, the ultimate prevention is to put on SPF sunscreen.  However, immediate results cannot be seen.  It can only prevent age spots from forming in the coming 20-30 years.

Age spot pigments are metabolic wastes of our body.  These wastes are formed during the process of fat oxidation under our skin.  Vitamin C and E are antioxidants which help slowing down the rate of oxidation of our body and help reducing the formation of age spots.

 

3. 荷爾蒙斑(又名蝴蝶斑或黃褐斑)

 它的成因跟體內的荷爾蒙變化有關，所以很多曾懷孕的婦女都會有這種問題。它通常會對稱地出現在面頰兩邊的位置，呈蝴蝶形狀態，所以又叫蝴蝶斑。其色澤呈深褐色，邊界不明顯。蝴蝶斑的形成與內分泌失調、疾病(肝腎病，婦科病)、日曬、精神壓力大、熬夜及外用化妝品等有關。對付荷爾蒙斑需要頗長時間，除了要定期進行激光療程及做足防曬功夫外，同時亦要保持心境開朗及建立健康有序的生活模式。

 

3. Melasma (also known as Chloasma)

Its causes are related to hormonal changes.  It is very common that pregnant women suffer from melasma.  Pigmented spots are formed symmetrically on both sides of the cheek showing a butterfly like shape. They are usually dark brown without sharp boundaries.

The formation of melasma is also related to endocrine disorders, diseases (liver and kidney diseases and gynecological diseases), sunlight exposure, high pressure, staying up late and cosmetics, etc.  It takes a long time to treat melasma.  In addition to long-term and regular laser treatments and preventing skin from sun exposure, maintaining a joyful and healthy lifestyle is essential.

 

4. 太陽斑

此為發炎後的色素沉澱及太陽下曝曬後的結果。太陽斑分佈疏落，較雀斑微隆，粗糙呈棕色。圓形扁平斑顏色較平均，通常是獨立一顆存在。與雀斑相比，太陽斑的顏色較深且面積亦較大，通常見於側面近眼尾或顴骨的位置，因為那是較常接觸到陽光的部位。由於它屬表層色素，接受激光治療後，在首兩三天很大機會會出現結痂的情況，只要讓它自然脫落便可。

4. Ephelides

Inflammation and sun exposure result in ephelides.  The distribution of the spots is usually scattered.  Spots appear as coarse, brown, round and flat. When comparing ephelides with freckles, ephelides are of darker color and the sizes are larger. They are usually found near the corner of the eyes and on cheekbones because these areas are more often exposed to the sun.

Ephelides are epidermal pigmentation.  Laser treatment is a very good and effective way to remove them.  It is very possible that scars are formed after treatment.  Do not scratch them and let them fall off naturally.

 

治療

激光治療

Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser 以納秒形式釋放激光於皮膚表面﹐利用1064nm波長的激光，打進皮膚底下的網狀真皮層，有效改善深層色斑。特別設有防敏感模式，適合任何皮膚使用。

Treatment

塗抹防曬是預防色斑最有效及最重要的一環。由於紫外線能穿透雲層，所以不論晴天或陰天都需要塗上SPF50+++或以上的防曬。而室內的電腦、射燈及從玻璃窗透入的陽光，也帶有直接影響色斑的強光，因此，對於長期在室內工作的人士，塗抹防曬也是不可缺少的。

 

Prevention

Putting on sunscreen is the most effective and important way to prevent the formation of hyperpigmentation.  Since UV rays can penetrate clouds, an SPF50 +++ sunscreen should be put on whether it is a sunny or a cloudy day.

Computer monitors, interior lighting and sunlight through windows also directly affect hyperpigmentation.  Therefore, sunscreen should be put on even when you are indoors.

 

注意

1. 治療前後7日不要曝曬
2. 治療後皮膚出現敏感是正常反應。必需根據醫生或激光治療師的指示塗抹藥膏﹐切勿自行處理
3. 必需每天塗上至少三次SPF30的防曬用品
4. 若有結痂情況﹐不要用手刮去﹐讓其自然脫落便可
5. 治療後皮膚會變得較乾﹐需選用具鎖水功效的精華素或面膜滋養皮膚

 

Reminder

1. Do not expose to the sun 7 days before and after treatment.
    
2. After treatment, allergic reaction is normal. Use medication only with doctors' or aestheticans' instructions.
    
3.  Apply SPF30 or higher sunscreen three times a day.
    
4.  If scars appears, do not scratch. Let it fall off naturally.
    
5. After treatment, it is normal that the skin becomes dry.  Use moisturizing essence and masks to nourish the skin

 

其他常見的皮膚問題

 

皺紋

人們皮膚的性質會隨時間而改變：細胞更新的速度減緩，真皮層內的膠原蛋白及纖維蛋白的排列紊亂，當真皮漸漸變薄且失去彈性時，皮膚保持水份的能力亦會大減；又因為汗腺與皮脂腺的萎縮，令皮膚表面失去一層保護膜，因而變得乾而粗糙，皺紋就會開始出現。

 

Wrinkles

As one gets older, the nature of her skin changes accordingly.  The rate of cell renewal slows down.  The collagen and fibrin in dermis reduce in amount.  Skin dermis gradually become thinner and lost its elasticity. The skin will also lose its ability to capture and maintain moisture.  Dryness will be worsen since the natural protective membrane on our skin surface is lost when we age.  This is due to the shrinking of sweat glands and sebaceous glands.  Aging skin becomes dry, rough and wrinkled.

 

虎紋和妊娠紋
 

虎紋又稱法令紋，位於鼻翼延伸至嘴角的兩側，其出現的原因可以是先天因素，而妊娠紋的出現是由於懷孕期間子宮增大、胎兒生長、羊水增加，以及懷孕媽媽攝取過多營養成份等原因，使孕婦腹部快速膨脹而引起。令膠原蛋白及彈力蛋白無法負荷急速增加的張力，導致纖維斷裂和皮膚凹陷。

 

Nasolabial Folds

(a.k.a. Smile Lines)

and Stretch Marks

Nasolabial folds, also known as smile lines, are located on both sides of the nose, extending to the corners of the mouth.  Its existence can be attributed to congenital factors.

While stretch marks are caused by the increase in size of the uterus during pregnancy.  Rapid expansion of the abdomen of pregnant women leads to stretching of abdomen skin.  When skin cells cannot produce enough collagen cells, fracturing of skin causes stretch marks. 

 

治療

我們會採用最新的緊膚儀器 Syneron 的eLight，運用eLight專有的elos技術，透過雙極射頻（bipolar radio-frequency）和紅外線光源（infrared light source），再加上其冷凍系統，把能量準確地輸送到1至4毫米深的真皮層，以刺激皮膚的膠原細胞生長，達到緊膚及嫩膚的效果。只需6次療程，便能帶出明顯的效果。

 

粉刺及暗瘡
 

皮膚中的皮脂導管因為皮膚增生而堵塞，就會形成白頭粉刺；如果皮脂阻塞因接觸到空氣而變黑，就會形成黑頭粉刺。若遭細菌感染，發炎後就會形成青春痘。粉刺大部分長在額頭、太陽穴及鼻子等部位，因為這些部位的皮脂腺較多，容易分泌油脂。

暗瘡俗稱青春痘，是由於年輕人在發育期間，雄性荷爾蒙活躍，引致皮脂腺分泌過高，導致毛孔阻塞和細菌感染，因而形成暗瘡。成年人也會長暗瘡，遺傳、精神壓力、月經、機械性刺激及化妝品等亦可誘發暗瘡。暗瘡通常長於面上，也有長在其他身體部份如肩膀、胸部或背部等。白頭粉刺、黑頭、膿胞、結節及囊腫等，癒後更有可能留下凹凸疤痕。

 

Acne

The causes of acne

Sebum secretion causes skin proliferation and blocked pores.  When sebum is oxidized by air, it becomes black in colour and form a black head.  If blocked pores are infected by bacteria, acnes will be formed.  Most acne occurs in the forehead, temples and nose area as more sebaceous glands are found in these areas which excess oil is secreted.

Acne starts to form in the developmental stages of young people.  Excessive male hormones cause the sebaceous glands to secrete oil, leading to blocked pores and bacterial infection.  Adults have acne too. They are mostly due to genetics, stress, menstrual cycle, physical stimulation and the use of cosmetics.

Acnes does not only occur on the face area, but also in other parts of the body such as shoulders, chests and backs, etc.  If whiteheads, blackheads, pustules and nodules, etc. occur, it is very likely to leave scars and bumps on the skin.

 

治療 

利用Fotona激光儀療程，能有效地減少面油分泌及美白亮膚；再配合每日使用Derml醫生專利的敏感肌膚套裝產品，以達至更佳的治療效果。

 

Treatment

Fotona laser treatment is very effective in reducing facial oil secretion and brightening skin tone.  With the use of glycolic acid therapy, better results can be achieved.

 

預防與清除

若要完全解決粉刺及暗瘡的困擾，就要進行長期的抗痘準備，否則粉刺及暗瘡還是會不斷地長出。

1. 清潔臉部：從外回家就要洗臉，以清除毛孔中的污垢。可用溫水及溫和的洗面乳每天洗臉2-3次。
2. 去角質：每週針對患處進行去角質1-2次，全臉則1次。
3. 保養品：不適宜使用含油性的乳霜或乳液，可選擇較清爽或有抑制油脂分泌的保養品。
4. 盡量減少化妝，以免阻塞毛孔。
5. 飲食：少吃油炸、奶油甜點之類的食物，並以少糖(尤其果糖)、少熱量為原則。
6. 防曬：減少日曬，因紫外線會使粉刺及暗瘡惡化。

 

Prevention and Caring Routines

To completely solve acne problem, it requires a long-term acne prevention and caring routine, or else, acnes will come back again.

1. Clean your face regularly.  Wash your face once you get home in order to clear the pores.  Use warm water and non-irritating cleanser only.  Wash your face 2 to 3 times a day.
2. Exfoliate the problem area once to twice a week.  Exfoliate the whole face area once a week.
3. Do not use creamy or oily products.  Use refreshing oil free products.  
4. Put on as little makeup as possible to prevent blocked pores.
5. Avoid fried food, desserts (especially fructose) and high-calorie food.
6. Avoid exposure to sunlight.  Ultraviolet light worsens acne problems.